The Beginner's Guide to Vinyl Records: Turntables, Care and Collecting

Thinking about getting into vinyl records? Welcome. You don't need an expensive setup or an encyclopaedic knowledge of music to get started. A few basics will help you buy the right equipment, look after your records and enjoy the experience.

I'm writing this from the perspective of an independent record store owner of Harbourside Records in Warilla, NSW. We see plenty of people starting their first collection, and the same questions come up regularly.

What is a vinyl record?

A vinyl record stores sound in a physical groove. A stylus (often called a needle) follows that groove, and the turntable's cartridge converts the movement into an electrical signal. Your audio system amplifies the signal so you can hear the music.

What do 33, 45 and 78 RPM mean?

RPM means revolutions per minute: how fast the record spins. Most 12-inch albums play at 33⅓ RPM, while many 7-inch singles play at 45 RPM. Some 12-inch releases also use 45 RPM. Older 78 RPM discs often require different equipment and a suitable stylus. Always check the label or sleeve rather than guessing.

What equipment do you need to play records?

At minimum, you'll need a turntable, suitable amplification and speakers. Some turntables have a built-in phono preamp; others need an external phono preamp or an amplifier with a phono input. Powered speakers contain their own amplification, while passive speakers need an amplifier.

Before buying, check how all the components connect. A turntable with a phono-level output cannot simply be plugged into every ordinary line input without the right preamplification.

Choosing your first turntable

Look for a stable platter, a suitable cartridge and stylus, reliable speed control and clear manufacturer support. Adjustable tracking force and anti-skate are useful features, especially if you want to upgrade your setup later.

You don't have to spend a fortune, but a poorly tracking player can be frustrating and may cause unnecessary record wear. Consider the full system cost, including speakers and any preamp you need.

New vinyl versus pre-owned vinyl

New and sealed records are a straightforward way to buy current releases and reissues. Pre-owned records can open up older editions, unusual finds and music you might not otherwise discover.

With second-hand records, look carefully at the condition of both the disc and sleeve. Terms such as Near Mint and Very Good Plus refer to condition grades; don't assume that every second-hand copy will sound the same.

How to handle and clean vinyl records

• Hold records by the edges and labelled centre, keeping fingers off the grooves.
• Store records upright in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat.
• Use clean inner sleeves and avoid tightly overpacking shelves.
• Remove loose dust with a suitable record brush.
• For deeper cleaning, use products designed for vinyl and follow their instructions.
• Keep the stylus clean using the manufacturer's recommended method.

Why does my vinyl crackle or skip?

Some surface noise is common, especially on used records. Excessive crackle can be caused by dirt, static, wear or damage. Skipping can come from debris, an uneven turntable, incorrect tracking force, a worn stylus or a damaged disc. Don't try to solve it by adding coins to the tonearm. Check our separate guide to why vinyl records skip.

How to start a collection without overspending

Begin with a few albums you already love. Learn how to identify the exact edition before paying a premium for a collectable pressing. Compare the same version when checking prices, and remember that a well-kept reissue can be a better buy than a worn original.

There's no need to collect what everyone else is buying. Your collection should sound like you.

Frequently asked questions

Do vinyl records sound better than digital?

Not automatically. Sound depends on mastering, equipment, record condition and personal preference. Many people love vinyl for the physical experience and the chance to listen to an album from start to finish.

Can I play a 7-inch single on a normal turntable?

Usually, yes, if the turntable supports the correct speed. Some singles also need a 45 RPM centre adaptor.

Do I need to clean brand-new records?

New records can have dust or residue from packaging, so a gentle inspection and appropriate cleaning may help.

Find your next record at Harbourside Records

We stock a curated range of new and pre-owned vinyl records at Harbourside Records, upstairs at 4/4 George Street, Warilla, NSW. Browse online or visit the store and discover something worth putting on the turntable.

Thanks for supporting your local independent record store!